Dissociated fabrication of packages and chips of integrated circuits

ABSTRACT

A method of fabricating a semiconductor component includes providing a prefabricated frame that includes metal traces and lead-through contacts. A semiconductor chip is mounted into the prefabricated frame such that the semiconductor chip is embedded within a rim of the prefabricated frame. Contact regions on a surface of the semiconductor chip are electrically connected with the metal traces of the prefabricated frame such that the contact regions are electrically coupled to the lead-through contacts via the metal traces.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention is concerned with a dissociated fabrication and final package of chips of integrated circuits with so called “redistribution layers” or metal traces.

BACKGROUND

It is well known for one skilled in the art that the fabrication of integrated circuits requires many fabrication steps, starting with structuring a silicon chip for the desired electrical function, e.g., a memory chip or a processor. This process covers deposition steps, photolithography steps, etching steps and other fabrication steps until the desired function is performed. After that, the integrated circuit is finally mounted on a substrate, such as a printed circuit board, and the electrical interconnections between the circuit and the board are carried out at the same time.

This electrical interconnection is often established by wiring or wire bonding. In a final step, the integrated circuit must be provided with a housing, which can be formed by molding a suitable mold compound around the chip so that the sensitive chip is protected against mechanical damage.

Most memory chips must not be exposed to temperatures above 200° C. because of so called retention failures. The result is that the applicable processing technologies and materials for packaging are limited significantly.

An example of a multichip module with stacked semiconductor chips is described in the U.S. patent application publication 2003/0015803 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference. In this publication bond pads on the rim of the chip are connected with bonding pads on a board with bond wires. Another example is described in the German patent publication 102 51 530 A1 and U.S. Patent application publication 2004/0113256 A1, which are incorporated herein by reference. In a stacked memory device, two semiconductor chips are stacked and are each provided with central rows of bond pads and redistribution layers on the top surface of each chip with inner landing pads. The inner landing pads are connected with the bond pads by wire bonding. The redistribution layers are also provided with landing pads on the rim of the chip, each being connected with contact pads at the board by wire bonding. The complete staple is molded with a mold compound so that the two bare chips and the wire loops are enclosed in this encapsulation.

Typically the fabrication of the package is performed before embedding the chip inside the package. Afterwards electrical interconnection of the chip and package by the wire bonding process as described above is followed by over-molding. Such steps are process steps at low temperatures without any influence on the thermal budget.

However, future and some currently available memory products, especially stacked chips require a different packaging method to meet desired performance, cost and reliability. Recent product generations and all known development paths for future products employ packages which are partially fabricated together with the chip. For example, so called “redistribution layers” as mentioned above are electroplated on the surface of a chip. In some cases even the package is completely “built” around the chip. As mentioned before the applicable processing methods are then limited to temperatures below 200° C.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present invention is directed to decrease the temperature load on fabrication of semiconductor chips by dissociated fabrication of packages and chips. Most parts of the package are fabricated separately from the chip. This allows a higher freedom for processing temperatures and materials regarding package fabrication.

According one aspect of the invention, a multichip module is realized by stacking prefabricated semiconductor modules and then molding the stacked chips.

Each prefabricated semiconductor module includes a semiconductor chip mounted in a completely prefabricated frame provided with metal strips connecting the bond pads on the chip arranged in a central row on the top surface of the chip. The other end of the metal strips is connected with lead through connections in the frame. Such a frame can be a molded frame. The bond connects between the central bond pads and the metal strips can be realized by ultrasonic compression batch bonding.

Another aspect of the invention is to minimize the thermal induced mechanical stress of the package. For that, the semiconductor chips in the frame have no fast contact with the inside of the frame and are held only by the bond contacts of the metal strips with the bond pads on the chip. Since the chips have many degrees of freedom, thermal expansion of the chip will not lead to any mechanical stress.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1A-1H illustrate the prefabrication of metal traces on a glass wafer;

FIGS. 2A-2F illustrate the processing of a frame and assembling it with the metal trace according to FIG. 1F;

FIGS. 3A-3F illustrate dicing a front end wafer and assembling it with the prefabricated structure according to FIG. 2F to a semiconductor module;

FIGS. 4A and 4B depict stacking and alignment of semiconductor modules according to FIG. 3F and an overmolded structure;

FIGS. 5A-5H illustrate prefabrication of a frame assembled with metal traces and lead through contacts;

FIGS. 6A-6G illustrate dicing a front end wafer and assembling it with the prefabricated structure according to FIG. 5H to a semiconductor module; and

FIGS. 7A and 7B depict stacking and alignment of semiconductor modules according to FIG. 6G and an overmolded structure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The dissociated fabrication and final package of chips of integrated circuits describes completely prefabricated semiconductor chips surrounded by a frame and held in it by electrical and mechanical connections between bond pads on the chip in a central row arrangement and metal traces on the frame terminate in a semiconductor module. This semiconductor module can be stacked in a stacked arrangement.

To realize such semiconductor modules and stacked arrangement of them with a dissociated fabrication of the components will be described hereinafter.

A first example will describe a simplified process for fabricating the necessary components of a semiconductor module and finally a stacked arrangement of such modules.

FIGS. 1A to 1F depict a first level processing to realize metal traces 1.1, shown is a schematic cross section (see e.g., FIG. 1D). In the preferred embodiment, a number of metal traces 1.1 are arranged side by side with a lateral distance of e.g., 6 μm as depicted in FIG. 1G. FIG. 1H shows a top view of the final structure, in this case in an 8 μm depth.

FIG. 1A shows a glass wafer 1.2 with a resist layer 1.3 disposed on its surface. The resist layer 1.3 is structured by a lithography with a recess 1.4 for the later processed metal trace 1.1 and a via 1.5 for a later contact 1.6 (see e.g., FIG. 1F for metal trace 1.1 and contact 1.6). In the specific illustrated example, the thickness of the photolithography processed photoresist layer 1.3 is about 25 μm and the glass wafer 1.2 is about 1000 μm. In other embodiments, different thicknesses can be used.

The next step is sputtering a seed layer 1.7 of Cr/Au as seen from FIG. 1B. In other embodiments, other materials can be used. For example, the seed layer 1.7 can be TaN/Cu, if the metal trace 1.1 is made from Cu.

FIG. 1C illustrates the electroplating of Au. In the particular illustrated embodiment, the Au layer has a thickness of 3.2 μm. A high temperature hardbake can be performed to improve subsequent lapping results in the following lapping step. The results of the lapping step are shown in FIG. 1D, other planarization changes could alternatively be used. For example, the layer 1.1 can be formed by chemical mechanical polish or by etch back.

Referring to FIG. 1E, the next step is stripping photo resist 1.3 and Cr seed layer 1.7. At this point, the metal traces 1.4 and the contact 1.6 remain on the glass wafer 1.2. The last illustrated step is stencil printing of an epoxy resin with the result shown in FIG. 1F.

The sequence of FIGS. 2A to 2F illustrates the manufacturing of frame 1.8 with epoxy and filler material at wafer scale.

FIG. 2A illustrates a separate manufactured frame 1.8, which in this cross sectional view appears as three separate pieces. The frame 1.8 includes an opening 1.9 and a bore 1.10, e.g., with a thickness of 50 μm. Then a Cr/Au adhesion layer 1.11 is deposited through a shadow mask in the bore 1.10 as shown in FIG. 2B. FIG. 2C shows a microinjection molding of solder 1.12.

Then the structure of FIG. 2C is positioned and aligned at the structure with the metal trace 1.1 on the glass wafer 1.2 shown in FIG. 1F. The combination is shown in FIG. 2D. Then a reflow process of solder 1.12 with the result that the solder volume at the top is slightly reduced and the bore 1.10 is filled with solder as shown in FIG. 2E.

The last step of prefabrication of the frame 1.8 with the accompanying metal traces 1.1 is shown in FIG. 2F with removing the glass wafer 1.2 from the frame 1.8, e.g., by undercut with HF-energy.

FIGS. 3A to 3F depict final processing of a prefabricated semiconductor module 1.13.

FIG. 3A schematically shows a grinded front-end wafer 1.14, e.g., with a thickness of about 50 μm and provided with an adhesive tape 1.15 laminated on its backside. As shown in FIG. 3B, the wafer 1.14 is diced into chips 1.16 from its backside on tape at its front side. The chips 1.16 are then picked up and placed on a glass wafer 1.17 side by side with a UV-release adhesive as shown in FIG. 3C.

In a next step, the prefabricated structure according FIG. 2F is turned over the chips 1.16 so that the molded frame 1.8 is assembled into the semiconductor module 1.13 as shown in FIG. 3D. The metal trace 1.1 is connected to the bond pads 1.18 by ultrasonic compression batch bonding with a heated cantilever with ultrasonic source as shown in FIG. 3E.

Then the structure is exposed to UV-light, to release tape 1.15 and glass wafer 1.17 as shown in FIG. 3F. The frame structure can then be diced into single dies followed by testing and Burn-In of single dies, i.e., the prefabricated semiconductor modules 1.13.

FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate how these prefabricated semiconductor modules 1.13 can be stacked in a stacked structure. To realize this, a hotplate 1.20 together with a mechanical jig 1.21 on its surface are positioned as alignment support for stacking the modules 1.13 as shown in FIG. 4A. FIG. 4B depicts a finished module stack, which is overmolded with a mold compound 1.22 with subsequent curing.

A second example will be described hereinafter. FIGS. 5A-5H illustrate the prefabrication of a frame 2.1 together with metal leads 2.2 and lead through contacts 2.3, the final structure being shown in FIG. 5H. The first step is prefabrication of a chip frame array with epoxy and filler material. FIG. 5A shows such a frame 2.1, with dimension information for a specific example. The frame is provided with an opening 2.4 with dimensions like a chip and a bore 2.5 for the lead through contact 2.3. Then the prefabricated frames 2.1 are mounted side by side with a thermo-release adhesive 2.6 onto a wafer carrier 2.7 as shown in FIG. 5B.

FIG. 5C a screen printing of a stippable polymer 2.8 so that the opening 2.4 is completely filled. This step should be performed so that the bore 2.5 remains unfilled. That means that the bore 2.5 is preferably covered by a mask (not shown) during screen printing of the polymer 2.8.

A seed layer 2.9 of Ti/Au is then deposited at the surface of the structure as shown in FIG. 5D. As shown in FIG. 5E, a lithography step of an electrophoresis resist to realize a photoresist mask 2.10 follows.

The prefabrication of the metal lead 2.2 and the lead through contact 2.3 is performed by electroplating a first layer of 3 μm Au, a second layer of 9 μm Ni for mechanical stability and a third layer of 3 μm Au as shown in FIG. 5F. These particular thicknesses are exemplary only. The two Au layers are for soldering, signal connection at high frequencies (skin effect) and protection.

The final steps are stripping of electrophoresis resist (FIG. 5G) and stripping of carrier 2.7 and strippable polymer 2.8 (FIG. 5H).

In parallel processing according to FIGS. 6A-6G, a grinded front-end wafer 2.11 (e.g., with a thickness of about 50 μm) is provided with an adhesive tape 2.12 laminated on its backside as shown in FIG. 6A. Then the wafer 2.11 is diced into chips 2.13 from the backside as shown in FIG. 6B. The chips 1.16 then are picked up and placed on a carrier 2.14 side by side with a thermo-release adhesive 2.15. The carrier can be a glass wafer bonded at the chip 2.16 with a UV-release adhesive. This step is shown in FIG. 6C.

As shown in FIG. 6D, the structure from FIG. 5H is then assembled so that the chip 2.13 is surrounded by the frame 2.1. The final steps are connecting the metal lead 2.1 with the bond pads 2.16 on the chip 2.13 by ultrasonic compression batch bonding with a heated cantilever with an ultrasonic source as shown in FIG. 6E. Alternatives are laser heating to support compression bond or laser welding.

Then the frame structure is diced into single dies, as shown in FIG. 6F, followed by testing and Burn-In of single dies. The chip 2.13 can be glued into frame 2.1 before dicing as a mechanical support.

The prefabricated semiconductor module 2.17 is shown in FIG. 6G. The carrier 2.14 is stripped by heating in the case of the thermo release tape or by exposing with an UV-light in the case of UV-release tape.

This prefabricated module 2.17 can be stacked on a stacked structure according FIG. 7A. To contact the metal leads 2.2 with the bond pads 2.16 ultrasonic compression batch bonding is performed. The interconnection of the lead through contacts 2.3 is realized with a heated cantilever connected with an ultrasonic source. FIG. 7B depicts an overmolded and cured stack of modules 2.17. Overmolding is performed with a mold compound 2.18.

While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments. 

1. A semiconductor module comprising: a completely processed semiconductor chip, the semiconductor chip being provided with one or more central rows of bond pads; and a completely prefabricated frame including a rim that surrounds the semiconductor chip, the frame being assembled with a prefabricated metal trace that extends from the rim of the frame to the central row of bond pads; wherein: the bond pads on the chip are coupled with first ends of the metal traces that are positioned over the bond pads; a second end of each metal trace is coupled with vertical lead through connections in the frame; and each metal trace on the frame is electrically connected with a terminal contact at an opposite side of the frame.
 2. The semiconductor module of claim 1, wherein bond contacts between the central bond pads and the metal traces are realized by ultrasonic compression batch bonding.
 3. The semiconductor module of claim 1, wherein the vertical lead through connections are made of aluminum, copper or Au/Ni.
 4. The semiconductor module of claim 1, wherein the metal trace comprises Au, Cr/Au or Au/Ni/Au.
 5. The semiconductor module of claim 1, wherein the frames are prefabricated at wafer scale of a frame array by microinjection molding with epoxy and filler material.
 6. A multi-chip module comprising: a first prefabricated frame that includes metal traces and lead-through contacts; a first chip surrounded by the first frame and held in the frame by a connection between bond pads of the first chip and the metal traces of the first frame, wherein the lead-through contacts of the first frame are electrically coupled to the bond pads of the first chip via the metal traces of the first frame; a second prefabricated frame that includes metal traces and lead-through contacts; and a second chip surrounded by the second frame and held in the frame by a connection between bond pads of the second chip and the metal traces of the second frame, wherein the lead-through contacts of the second frame are electrically coupled to the bond pads of the second chip via the metal traces of the second frame; wherein the first frame is attached to the second frame so that an electrical connection is made between the first frame and the second frame.
 7. The multi-chip module of claim 6, wherein the first and second frames are temporarily attached and aligned in a mechanical jig.
 8. A method of fabricating a semiconductor component, the method comprising: providing a prefabricated frame that includes metal traces and lead-through contacts; mounting a semiconductor chip into the prefabricated frame such that semiconductor chip is embedded within a rim of the prefabricated frame; and electrically connecting contact regions on a surface of the semiconductor chip with the metal traces of the prefabricated frame such that the contact regions are electrically coupled to the lead-through contacts via the metal traces.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein each contact region is electrically connected with a respective metal trace by a heated cantilever and ultrasonic energy.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein each contact region is electrically connected with a respective metal trace by ultrasonic compression batch bonding.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein providing the prefabricated frame comprises: providing a frame having a first recess and a second recess, the first recess of a size compatible with receiving the semiconductor chip; filling the second recess with a conductive material to form the lead-through contact; and attaching the metal trace to the frame such that the metal trace is electrically coupled to the conductive material and such that a portion of the metal trace extends adjacent to the first recess.
 12. The method of claim 11 wherein attaching the metal trace to the frame comprises: forming the metal trace over a substrate; adjoining the metal trace and the substrate with the frame; attaching the metal trace to the frame; and detaching the substrate from the metal trace.
 13. The method of claim 12 wherein forming the metal trace over the substrate comprises: forming a sacrificial layer over the substrate; patterning the sacrificial layer; depositing a seed layer over the patterned sacrificial layer; forming metal over the seed layer; planarizing the metal to expose the patterned sacrificial layer; and removing the patterned sacrificial layer.
 14. The method of claim 13 wherein forming metal over the seed layer comprises electroplating gold.
 15. The method of claim 11 wherein filling the second recess with a conductive material comprises microinjecting solder into the second recess.
 16. The method of claim 11 wherein mounting a semiconductor chip into the prefabricated frame comprises: adhering the semiconductor chip to a dummy substrate; moving the semiconductor chip within the first recess of the frame; attaching the semiconductor chip to the frame; and removing the dummy substrate from the semiconductor chip.
 17. The method of claim 16 wherein moving the semiconductor chip within the first recess of the frame comprises placing the frame over the semiconductor chip while the semiconductor chip is substantially stationary.
 18. The method of claim 8 and further comprising assembling a second semiconductor component that is substantially identical in structure to the semiconductor component, the method further comprising attaching the second semiconductor component to the semiconductor component.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein attaching the second semiconductor component to the semiconductor component comprises aligning the semiconductor component and the second semiconductor component in a mechanical jig.
 20. The method of claim 18 and further comprising forming a molding compound over the semiconductor component and the second semiconductor. 